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Avoiding Drug Carryover During Feed Processing and Delivery, Part 1

Avoiding Drug Carryover During Feed Processing and Delivery Drug carryover is a form of feed contamination that may result when the substance in question has been transferred (carried) from an acceptable location or feed to an unacceptable location or feed. Carryover of an animal drug can occur during feed processing, handling, or delivery. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) provide guidance for medicated feed manufacturers to ensure their products meet the identity, strength, and quality standards that they should with respect to their drug content.

These regulations stipulate adequate procedures be established and followed for all equipment used in the production and distribution of medicated feeds to avoid unsafe contamination of medicated and nonmedicated feeds. Carryover of a Category II drug (one which requires a withdrawal period) into a finishing ration may result in a tissue-residue problem in meat animals. Producers experiencing this problem in their market animals may incur significant financial loss. Carryover of either a Category I drug (one which does not require a withdrawal time) or a Category II drug into a batch of feed intended for an off-label species may create serious problems.

Tags · Drug Carryover · Feed · Processing · Delivery · Risk · Assessment · Feed Contamination · FDA

• Continue reading • Comments (0) 05.07.2006. 09:03

Avoiding Drug Carryover During Feed Processing and Delivery, Part 2

Sequencing, Flushing and Equipment Clean-out When working with a drug that requires a withdrawal time before the meat animal goes to market or when manufacturing and delivering feed for several animal species, one must be careful to follow the label and use GMPs to avoid drug cross-contamination. The GMPs state that adequate procedures shall be established and used for all equipment used in the production and distribution of medicated feeds to avoid unsafe contamination of medicated and nonmedicated feed. Three techniques to avoid crosscontamination include sequencing, flushing, and equipment clean-out.

The ordering sequence in which feed rations are processed and delivered determines the likelihood of drug carryover and tissue residue. It is an excellent practice to schedule the production of all medicated feeds having the same drug(s) in sequence with the higher levels first and ending with a low level. This sequence should be followed by a nonmedicated feed for the same animal. Individuals manufacturing feed for a single species such as swine, in which a withdrawal drug is fed to young animals, should generally mix feed in the following order: nursery ration containing the withdrawal drug, sow feed, grower, and finishing ration.

Tags · Sequencing · Flushing · Equipment Clean-out · Feed Mill · GMP · Drug Carryover · Feed · Processing · Delivery · Feed Contamination

• Continue reading • Comments (0) 05.07.2006. 08:39

Avoiding Drug Carryover During Feed Processing and Delivery, Part 3

Segregation During Handling and Delivery Segregation can occur in ingredients and mixed feeds. A number of sites in the processing, handling, and transit of feed and feed components can produce conditions favorable to the segregation process (Table 3). Segregation of the drug from the medicated feed may lead to carryover and nonuniform concentration of the medication. Both situations may result in violative tissue residue in the market animal. Mixed feeds are subject to segregation due to differences in particle size, shape, and density. For example, feed ingredients can be evenly dispersed following the mixing process, become slightly segregated as they drop into the surge bin, experience some remixing during transport from the surge bin auger to the elevator leg, become segregated as feed is discharged from the leg and undergoes a free-air fall into the holding bin over the pellet mill, and be partially remixed as material is transferred into the conditioning chamber above the pellet mill. When pellets are formed, the segregation process ceases.

Tags · Segregation · Feed Handling · Feed Delivery · Drug Carryover · Feed · Feed Contamination · Medicated feeds · Feed Storage

• Continue reading • Comments (0) 05.07.2006. 07:47

The work of an aquaculture consultant in Malaysia

[Mak Wai Yee]

Aquaculture technical sales representatives help farmers in preventing fish diseases, maintaining water quality and increasing yield.

Aquaculture is an expanding industry in Malaysia. The same can also be said about aquaculture and fisheries consultancy.

Erin Tan Chung Wei, works as a technical sales representative for Syndel Asia Sdn Bhd, an aquaculture pharmaceutical company. The company provides a one-stop source for all aquaculture needs as well as active and personal technical support in the field.

Tags · aquafeed · aquaculture · aquaculturalist · malaysia · salmon · fish farming

• Continue reading • Comments (0) 22.02.2006. 22:54