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Ensuring Optimum Mixability In Feed Manufacturing: Part 1 - Introduction

Feed Processing 11 May 2009

Chin Sou Fei Novus International Pte Ltd Singapore Introduction The daily ration of nutrients that an animal receives from a feed may vary from time to time due to a number of reasons. The sources of variation will probably cause variation in the day-to-day level of nutrition received by an individual animal. Certain nutrients are guaranteed to be present at minimum levels and regulatory officials will be concerned, if guarantees are not met. Certain ingredients may be toxic at very high levels. The nutrient variation in feeds is most likely to occur for the following reasons (Wilcox and Baldi…

High Speed Hammermills For Fine Grinding: Part 1 - Introduction

Feed Machinery 26 Jan 2009

Mark Heimann Roskamp Champion USA Hammermills are commonly used for grinding a broad range of materials including those used in the production of pet foods and aquaculture feeds. Since most pets and species of fish, crustaceans, and shellfi…

High Speed Hammermills For Fine Grinding: Part 2 - Equipment Description, Basic Machine Characterist

Feed Machinery 25 Jan 2009

Equipment Description A hammermill consists of a rotor assembly with two or more rotor plates fixed to a main shaft, enclosed in some form of grinding chamber. The actual working mechanisms are the hammers and the screen or grinding plates …

High Speed Hammermills For Fine Grinding: Part 3 - Basic Operational Concepts, Tip Speed

Feed Machinery 24 Jan 2009

Basic Operational Concepts As noted, particle size reduction in a hammermill occurs as a result of the impact between a rapidly moving hammer and a relatively slow moving particle. The particle breaks and is accelerated towards the screen; …

High Speed Hammermills For Fine Grinding: Part 4 - Hammers, Screens

Feed Machinery 23 Jan 2009

Hammers There are an unlimited number of hammer styles available from many suppliers around the world. At the same time, there are distinctly different types of hammers used in different regions of the world for a variety of hammermill grin…

High Speed Hammermills For Fine Grinding: Part 5 - Feeders, Air Assist

Feed Machinery 22 Jan 2009

Feeders Proper feeding of a hammermill is absolutely essential if the system is to operate at maximum grinding efficiency, and with the lowest possible cost per ton. Uneven or inconsistent feeding can lead to surges in the motor load. Becau…

High Speed Hammermills For Fine Grinding: Part 6 - Other Considerations

Feed Machinery 20 Jan 2009

Other Considerations Magnetic protection is necessary in order to realize the best life of the working components of the mill. Tramp iron that enters a hammermill can knock holes in the screen, break hammers, and create undesirable sources …

Handling and Storage Of Soybeans and Soybean Meal: Part 1 - Introduction, Handling Of Soybeans And S

Feed Ingredients & Nutrition 06 Jan 2009

Ulysses A. Acasio Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University, USA Introduction Soybeans represent the worldÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s most important oilseed as a source of vegetable oil and protein. It is grown extensively in the Unite…

Handling and Storage Of Soybeans and Soybean Meal: Part 2 - Factors Affecting Safe Product Storage

Feed Ingredients & Nutrition 05 Jan 2009

Factors Affecting Safe Product Storage The three major factors affecting the storability of soybean and soybean meal are moisture content, temperature, and duration of storage. The general condition of the product and amount of foreign mate…

Handling and Storage Of Soybeans and Soybean Meal: Part 3 - Deterioration Indicators

Feed Ingredients & Nutrition 04 Jan 2009

Deterioration Indicators Heating Heating is the most common indicator of a problem in stored grains and oilseeds. High grain temperatures normally indicate either microbial or insect activity. If left unchecked, this may lead to heat-damage…

Handling and Storage Of Soybeans and Soybean Meal: Part 4 - Chemical Changes In Storage

Feed Ingredients & Nutrition 03 Jan 2009

Chemical Changes In Storage Stored soybeans may undergo physical, physiological and chemical changes even under ideal storage conditions. Some of the changes may or may not have a negative effect on the final use of soybeans and soybean mea…

Handling and Storage Of Soybeans and Soybean Meal: Part 5 - Maintenance Of Quality

Feed Ingredients & Nutrition 02 Jan 2009

Maintenance Of Quality Once soybeans reach maturity and are harvested, their inherent quality is fixed and can only be maintained by proper drying, cleaning, and conditioning. Quality maintenance involves various operations that will provid…

Handling and Storage Of Soybeans and Soybean Meal: Part 6 - Summary

Feed Ingredients & Nutrition 01 Jan 2009

Summary The success in the storage and handling of soybeans and soybean meal is dependent upon the understanding of the combined effects of the three most important factors causing spoilage, namely: 1. temperature 2. moisture 3. time High a…